Group XII. No. 27 



v 



Price 10 cents 




ALDING 



ATHLETIC 



v£>^> 



College 
Athletics 

BY 

Michael C. Murphy 

Athletic Director 
University of Pennsylvania 



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Size, 5%x8 inches; 

600 Pages 

115 Full Page Plates 

Including a Series of 

Cartoons by 

Homer C. Davenport 



America's National Game 
By A. G. J5PALDING 

Price, $2.00 Net 

A book of 600 pages, profusely illustrated 
with over 100 full page engravings, and hav- 
ing sixteen forceful cartoons by Homer C. 
Davenport, the famous American artist. 

No man in America is better equipped 
to write on all the varied phases of the Na- 
tional Game than is A. G. Spalding. His 
observation and experience began when the 
game was young. He gained fame as a 
pitcher forty years ago, winning a record as 
player that has never yet been equalled. 
He was associated with the management of 
the pastime through trying years of struggle 
against prevailing evils. He opposec 
gamblers; he fought to eradicate 
drunkenness ; he urged and intro- 
duced new and higher ideals for 
the sport ; he was quick to see tha* 
ball playing and the business man- 
agement of clubs, at the same time 
and by the same men, were imprac- 
ticable ; he knew that ball players 
might be quite competent as magnates, but not while playing 
the game ; he was in the forefront of the fight against syndi- 
cating Base Ball and making of a Nation's pastime a sordid 
Trust; he was the pioneer to lead competing American 
Base Ball teams to a foreign land ; he took two champion 
teams to Great Britain in 1 874, and two others on a tour of 
the world in 1 888-9 ; he was present at the birth of the 
National League, and has done as much as any living 
American to uphold and prolong the life of this great pioneer 
Base Ball organization. 

When A. G. Spalding talks about America's National 
Game he speaks by authority of that he does know, because 




he has been in the councils of the management whenever 
there have been times of strenuous endeavor to purge it 
from abuses and keep it clean for the people of America 
—young and old 

In this work Mr. Spalding, after explaining the causes 
that led him into the undertaking, begins with the inception 
of the sport ; shows how it developed, by natural stages 
from a boy with a ball to eighteen men, ball, bats and bases ; 
gives credit for the first scientific application of system to 
the playing of the game to Abner Doubleday, of Coopers- 
town, N. V.; treats of the first Base Ball club ; shows how 
rowdyism terrorized the sport in its early days ; how gam- 
bling and drunkenness brought the pastime into disfavor 
with the masses, and how early organizations were unable 
to control the evils that insidiously crept in. He then 
draws a series of very forceful pictures of the struggle to 
eradicate gambling, drunkenness and kindred evils, and shows 
how the efforts of strong men accomplished the salvation of 
the great American game and placed it in the position it occu- 
pies to-day — the most popular outdoor pastime in the world. 

Interspersed throughout this interesting book are remin- 
iscences of Mr. Spalding's own personal observations and 
experiences in the game as player, manager and magnate, 
covering a period of many years. Some of these stories 
deal with events of great import to Base Ball, and others 
have to do with personal acts and characteristics of players 
prominent in the game in earlier days— old time favorites 
like Harry and George Wright, A. C. Anson, Mike Kelly, 
Billy Sunday and others. 

This book should be in the library of every father in 
the land, for it shows how his boy may be built up physically 
and morally through a high-class pastime. It should be in 
the hands of every lad in America, for it demonstrates the 
possibilities to American youth of rising to heights of eminent 
material success through a determined adherence to things 
that make for the upbuilding of character in organizations as 
well as of men. 

Mailed postpaid on receipt of price by any Spalding store 
(see list on inside front cover), or by the publishers, 

American Sports Publishing Company 

21 Warren Street, New York 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



0= 



Giving the Titles of all Spalding Athletic Library Books now 
j in print, grouped for ready reference c 



D 



no SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS 



1 Spalding's 
IA Spalding's 
IC Spalding's 

2 Spalding's 
2A Spalding's 
4 Spalding's 

6 Spalding's 

7 Spalding's 
7A Spalding's 

8 Spalding's 

9 Spalding's 
2A Spalding's^ 



Official Base Ball Guide 
Official Base Ball Record 
Official College Base Ball Annual 
Official Foot Ball Guide 
Official Soccer Foot Ball Guide 
Official Lawn Tennis Annual 
Official Ice Hockey Guide 
Official Basket Ball Guide 
Official Women's Basket Ball Cuid< 
Official Lacrosse Guide 
Official Indoor Base Ball Guide 
Official Athletic Rules 



Group 

Mo. 1 



Base Ball 



No. 



231 



Spalding's Official Base Ball 
Guide. 

No. IA Official Base Ball Record. 
No. lc College Base Ball Annual. 
No. 202 How to Play Base Ball. 
No. 223 How to Bat. 
No. 232 How to Run Bases. 
No. 230 How to Pitch. 
No. 229 How to Catch. 
No. 225 How to Play First Base. 
No. 226 How to Play Second Base. 
No. 227 How to Play Third Base. 
No. 228 How to Play Shortstop. 
.No. 224 How to Play the Outfield. 

f How to Organize a Base Ball 
) League. [Club. 

How to Organize a Base Ball 
How to Manage a Base, Ball 

Club. 
How to Train a Base Ball Team 
How to Captain a Base Ball 
How to Umpire a Game. [Team 
„ Technical Base Ball Terms. 
No. 219 Ready Reckoner of Base Ball 

Percentages. 
No. 350 How to Score. 

BASE BALL AUXILIARIES 
No. 355 Minor League Base Ball Guide 
No. 356 Official Book National League 

of Prof. Base Ball Clubs. 
No. 340 Official Handbook National 
Playground Ball Assn. 

Foot Ball 

No.2 Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide 
No. 344 ADigest of the Foot Ball Rules 
No. 324 How to Play Foot Ball. 
No. 2a Spalding's Official Soccer Foot 

Ball Guide. 
No. 286 How to Play Soccer. 
No. 335 How to Play Rugby. 



Group II. 



FOOT BALL AUXILIARY 
No. 351 Official Rugby Foot Ball Guide 

Group IV. Lawn Tennis 

No. 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Ten- 
nis Annual. 

No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis. 

No. 354 Official Handbook National 
Squash Tennis Association. 

Group VI. Hockey 

No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey 

Guide. 
No. 304 How to Play Ice Hockey. 
No. 154 Field Hockey. 
No. 180 Ring Hockey. 

(Lawn Hockey. 
No. 188 < Parlor Hockey. 

(Garden Hockey. 

Group Vll. Basket Ball 

No. 7 Spalding's Official Basket 

Ball Guide. 
No. 7a Spalding's Official Women's 

Basket Ball Guide. 
No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball. 

BASKET BALL AUXILIARY 
No. 353 Official Collegiate Basket Ball 
Handbook. 

Group viii. Lacrosse 

No. 8 Spalding's Official Lacrosse Guide 
No. 201 How to Play Lacrosse. 

Group IX. indoor Base Ball 

No. 9 Spalding's Official Indoor Base 
Ball Guide. 

Group X. polo 

No. 129 Water Polo. 
No. 199 Equestrian Polo. 



ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS 



Group XI. Miscellaneous Games 

No. 248 Archery. 
No. 138 Croquet. 
No. 271 Roque. 

(Racquets. 
No. 194 ■< Squash- Racquets. 

(Court Tennis. 
No. 13 Hand Ball. 
No. 167 Quoits. 
No. 170 Push Ball. 
No. 14 Curling. 
No. 207 Lawn Bowls. 
No. 188 Lawn Games. 
No. 189 Children's Games. 
No. 341 How to Bowl. 

Group XII. Athletics 

No. 12a Spalding's Official Athletic 
No. 27 College Athletics. [Rules. 

No. 182 All Around Athletics. 
No. 156 Athletes' Guide. 
No. 87 Athletic Primer. 
No. 273 Olympic GamesatAthens,1906 
No. 252 How to Sprint. 
No. 255 How to Run 100 Yards. 
No. 174 Distance and Cross Country 
Running. [Thrower. 

No. 259 How to Become a Weight 
No. 55 Official Sporting Rules. 
No. 246 Athletic Training for School- 
No. 317 Marathon Running. [boys. 
No. 331 Schoolyard Athletics. 
No. 342 Walking for Health and Com- 
petition. 
ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES 
No. 357 Intercollegiate Official Hand- 
No. 314 Girls' Athletics. [book. 
No. 302 Y. M. C. A. Official Handbook. 
No. 313 Public S choo Is Athletic 
League Official Handbook. 
No. 308 Official Handbook New York 

Interscholastic A. A. 
No. 347 Official Handbook P. S. A. L. 
of San Francisco. 



Group Xlil. 



Athletic 
Accomplishments 



No. 177 How to Swim. 

No. 296 Speed Swimming. 

No. 128 How to Row. 

No. 209 How to Become a Skater. 

No. 178 How to Train for Bicycling. 

No. 23 Canoeing. 

No. 282 Roller Skating Guide. 

ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED 



Group XIV. 



MaMg Sports 



No. 18 Fencing. ( By Breck.) 

No. 162 Boxing. 

No. 165 Fencing. ( By Senac.) 

No. 140 Wrestling. 

No. 236 How to Wrestle. 

No. 102 Ground Tumbling 

No. 233 Jiu Jitsu. 

No. 166 How to Swing Indian Cluba. 

No. 200 Dumb Bell Exercises. 

No. 143 Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells. 

No. 262 Medicine Ball Exercises. 

No. 29 Pulley Weight Exercises. 

No. 191 How to Punch the Bag. 

No. 289 Tumbling for Amateurs. 

No. 326 Professional Wrestling. 



Group XV. 



Gymnastics 



No. 104 Grading of Gymnastic Exer- 
cises. [Dumb Bell Drills. 

No. 214 Graded Cal i sth en ics and 

No. 254 Barnjum Bar Bell Drill. [Games 

No. 158 Indoor and Outdoor Gymnastic 

No. 124 How to Become a Gymnast. 

No. 287 Fancy Dumb Bell and March- 
ing Drills. 

No. 327 Pyramid Building Without 
Apparatus. 

No. 328 Exercises on the Parallel Bars. 

No. 329 Pyramid Building with 
Wands, Chairs and Ladders. 
GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY 

No. 345 Official Handbook I. C. A. A. 
Gymnasts of America. 



Group 

No. 161 

No. 149 

No. 208 
No. 185 
No. 213 
No. 238 
No. 234 
No. 261 
No. 285 

No. 288 
No. 290 
No. 325 
No. 330 

POSTPAID 



XVI. 



Physical culture 



10 Minutes' Exercise for Busy 

Men. 
Scientific Physical Training 

and Care of the Body. 
Physical Education and Hy- 
Hints on Health. [giene. 

285 Health Answers. 
Muscle Building. 
School Tactics and Maze Run- 
Tensing Exercises. [ning. 
Health by Muscular Gym- 
nastics. 
Indigestion Treated by Gym- 
Get Well; Keep Well, [nasties. 
Twenty-Minute Exercises. 
Physical Training for the 
School and Class Room. 
UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS 



Spalding "Red Cover" Series of Athletic Handbooks 

No. 1R. Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac Price 25c. 

No. 2R. Strokes and Science of Lawn Tennis Price 25c. 

No. 3R. Spalding's Official Golf Guide Price 25c 

No. 4R. How to Play Golf Price 25c. 

No. 5R. Spalding's Official Cricket Guide Price 25c. 

No. 6R. Cricket and How to Play it Price 25c. 

No. 7R. Physical Training S'rrplified Price 25c. 

No. 8R. The Art of Skating. „ Price 25c. 

No. 9R. How to Live 100 Years Price 25c. 

No. 10R. Single Stick Drill Price 25c. 




OLYMPIC GAMES, LONDON, 1908, AND STOCKHOLM, 1912. 
M. C. Murphy, trainer of the American team. 



Spalding's Athletic Library 

COLLEGE 
ATHLETICS 

BY 

MICHAEL C. MURPHY 

Athletic Director University of Pennsylvania 
Ex-Athletic Director Yale University 



4V 



PUBLISHED BY THE 

AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING COMPANY 

21 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK 



o x 






A/ 



Copyright. 1912 

BY 

American Sports Publishing Company 
New York 



£CU327282 



fr = 

INTRODUCTION 



College athletics are now recognized as a very important part 
of the life of the college man. Around the sport of the university 
cluster many of its most cherished traditions, and it is in some 
ways the very life and soul of the esprit de corps or college 
spirit so much talked about. In fact, the sport of a college re- 
ceives more than its share of attention, and the general public 
is apt to forget that behind all this strenuousness and this en- 
thusiasm, there is a background of hard study and earnest en- 
deavor that hut rarely comes to the surface and which passes 
unnoticed. The very great attention given to college sport has 
not been wholly salutary, hut. in general, it has resulted in great 
good by drawing attention to the various sports and by retaining 
the interest of the students in athletics. The life of the college 
student is sedentary in character, and on that very account the 
heads of our universities are right in encouraging college sport 
along all lines. Some evils have crept in, but the great good 
and the many benefits to the student body much more than over- 
balance these. The modern college student needs the exercise, 
and those who do not come out for the teams use the energy and 
time encouraging their representatives, which formerly they spent 
in drinking and other forms of dissipation. No matter how we 
feel toward sport, it is a fact that college athletics play a great 
role in undergraduate life and must be taken into account. 

The very great publicity given to the members of the teams 
has resulted in too much specializing. The aim of the student is 
too often to make the team, and if he cannot do that he gives up 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 7 

the sport. In many cases the facilities of our colleges are so 
limited that there is no room for the student who is not of 'var- 
sity calibre or who does not give promise of future ability to win 
points for his alma mater. There should be more sport for sport's 
sake and there would then be better teams and more general 
good for the student body as a whole. Every college man should 
get into some form of athletics. He may not make the team, 
but he will he building up his body and making himself a more 
valuable member of society. There are thousands of students in 
our colleges who do not come out for athletics because they feel 
that they cannot make the team. Many of them would do very 
well in some >port or other, and they should not give up. They 
should keep on trying, for even though they do not make the 
team they are surely building up their physical powers. 

The fact that the student needs exercise is shown by the var- 
ious forms of compulsory training required. Our colleges all 
have some sort of gymnasium with a professor of physical educa- 
tion in charge. This department is generally limited to the 
gymnasium and indoor work, but it is doing a great service for 
thi' student body. In fact, if any person needs proof that such 
exercise is necessary, he should attend the compulsory classes 
or the freshman classes in the college gymnasiums. Then the 
old adage that "clothes make the man" will take on a new mean- 
ing and a great admiration for the modern tailor will arise. The 
great majority of the boys who enter college need training, and 
they need it badly. The parents should see to it that they get 
into some sort of athletic work, so that their bodies may be de- 
veloped with their minds. Parents should also remember that 
the college athlete is especially watched as to his education. He 
must keep up in his work to be allowed to make the team. The 




M. S. WRIGHT, 

Dartmouth College. Holder world's record, pole vault, made at Olympic try- 
outs, Harvard Stadium, Cambridge, Mass., June 8, 1912, height, 13ft. 2 1 tin. 
Won third place in pole vault. Olympic Games, Stockholm, Sweden, 1912. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. g 

desire to make the team or the disgrace of being kept from the 
team for lack of study very frequently makes the college athlete 
keep up in his work when, had he no such incentive, he would 
waste his time in other ways and make no effort to do well in his 
studies. 

The following chapters deal especially with Track and Field 
athletics, but the general remarks on training apply with equal 
force to all kinds of sport. 



Spalding's .Athletic Library. 

f =% 

TRAINING 

ITS USES AND ABUSES 

Since time immemorial, men have trained for various kinds of 
sports. Tin- ancient Greeks carried training to a very high de- 
gree of perfection, and some of the performances attributed to 
their Olympic winners can hardly be believed. I heir statuary, 
frescoes, and many remains in which are shown the human form 
divine prove conclusively that their methods of training were 
very good, for physical beauty was carried with them almost to 
perfection, but ill modern times — it has only been within the past 
thirty years— the regular training of athletes for special ath- 
letic events has been studied and carefully considered. Now 
every school, college, athletic club, and even many churches, have 
athletic trainers whose business it is to teach athletics to the 
patrons of the institution and to train them so that after learning 
how to perform, they will be in the best possible condition to do 
themselves justice. 

All animals improve with training. What a farce it would be to 
pit a well-trained whippet against one untrained, even though the 
latter had greater natural ability. How ridiculous to ask an un- 
trained man to meet one in the pink of condition. This is very 
well recognized, even in events which require only speed and 
agility. How much more is it the case in events in which stamina 
is concerned, such as the distance events. It is therefore im- 
peratively necessary that when a man desires to enter athletic 
events he go into training. This means that he begins to take 
cue of his body and to do everything that will tend to make 




Dartmouth Oolleg 
i! l-4in., made 
Juiif 8, 1912. 



it Olympic try-outs 



— t, height l.'ift. 
Harvard Stadium, Cambridge, Mass., 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 13 

him strong and ready to withstand all the strains of close competi- 
tion. He must avoid bad habits and everything that tends to de- 
bilitate or weaken him physically. It is wonderful what a differ- 
ence training makes in the human being. It changes him from 
a man capable of short exertion into one who finds pleasure in 
sturdy exercise or one who engages in a fierce struggle on the 
track or field and after a gruelling contest feels no evil effects, 
but rather is hardened and strengthened for future greater en- 
deavors. Feats of strength and exhibitions which would be ab- 
solutely dangerous for the untrained man become easy and 
beneficial for the trained athlete. In other words, the body is 
put into perfect physical order and no one can gainsay that this 
is most desirable. 

Training being so beneficial it should be a part of everyone's 
life to a greater or less extent. It is not necessary that everyone 
be in condition to run a fast mile, to take part in a foot ball con- 
test or to engage in some other hard exercise, but everyone 
should be in fair condition. People in general should never let 
their bodies get into such poor shape that they dare not run for 
a car, go for a long walk, help lift trunks or do any other heavy 
work that may present itself at any time. If people would take 
a common sense view of this matter of training and keep their 
bodies in good condition, it would mean a great decrease in 
liver, kidney, lung and heart troubles, and it would add greatly 
to the mental vigor of the nation in general. The old adage, 
"Mens sana in corpore sano," is indeed trite, but it is as true as 
it is commonplace. 

Training, as indicated in the last sentence, has influence on the 
whole body, including the mind. Too many people are prone to 
regard the mind as separate from the body, but it is becoming 




R. A. GARDNER, 
giate record?" 7 ' J. Cleariuj? bar iu l Jok ' ™*t at 13ft. lin., a new Intercolh 



Spalding's sithletic Library, 15 

recognized more and more that the mind is one of the most sen- 
sitive parts of the body and is most seriously affected by the poor 
condition of the blood, heart, lungs, etc. The most modern meth- 
ods of curing insanity take this into account. 

If we look at the famous men of the world we find that the 
great majority of them are training in one way or another. They 
have some rational idea of keeping the body in good physical 
condition. Ex-President Roosevelt was noted for his long walks, 
his fencing bouts, his stiff horseback rides, etc. , Premier Balfour, 
of England, lays aside the most important matters of state to get 
his exercise on the golf field. Lord Alverstone, the most promi- 
nent jurist of England, was a famous athlete in his day and still 
keeps himself in good shape by walks, etc. Gladstone, the Grand 
Old Man of England, was famous for his skill in felling trees, a 
very strenuous form of exercise. Indeed, our cricket clubs, golf 
clubs, polo clubs, yachting clubs, athletic associations, etc., are 
filled with thousands of men and women bent on keeping their 
bodies up to a high normal standard. Our statesmen, lawyers, 
bankers, brokers, teachers and people in all walks of life are 
awakening to the fact that training of the body pays because of 
the increased mental and physical energy, and the happiness that 
almost invariably goes with good health. 

Training not only has an influence on the body and the mind 
as part of that body, but it has an influence on the soul. Only a 
few years ago, the ecclesiastical bodies of the country were 
against athletics as a demoralizing influence. But a right-about- 
face has taken place and we find gymnasiums and athletic asso- 
ciations in connection with thousands of our churches, while 
the Y.M.C.A.'s of the country and the "settlements" have made 
athletics the basis of their hold on their members. This indi- 




1— Donald F. Lippincott. University of Pennsylvania, third in 100 meters and 
second in 200 meters championships, at Olympic Games, Stockholm, Sweden, 
1912. Made new world's record in his heat in lOu meters race, time, 10 3-5s 
2— Ralph Craig, University of Michigan, winner of both 100 and 200 meter 
championships, Olympic Games, Stockholm, Sweden. 1912. 

TWO OF AMERICA'S CRACK SPRINTERS. 



Spa /ding's Atliletic Library. I? 

cates not only that athletics are now being followed more 
rationally, but that their effects as tending towards good morals 
are thoroughly recognized. The most prominent ecclesiastic in 
the world, the Pope of Rome, has set his seal of approval on 
athletics. Under his auspices, the Vatican Gardens and the 
Belvedere Court were used in October, 1905, for a monster set 
of athletic sports, for which the Pope himself presented many 
medals, which he attended in person and at which he presented 
the prizes. On this subject he says: "Young people should 
love sport. It does good both to their souls and to their bodies. 
It makes us also feel young to see them run, jump and enjoy 
themselves." Everything pertaining to training tends to the 
elimination of dissipation in all its forms and gradually builds 
up the moral nature. 

But training has its abuses.. Tt must not be overdone. Too 
much competition drains the nervous force of anyone, while a 
too rigorous course of training may result in permanent injuries 
of the body. We must be temperate in our exercise as in every- 
thing else, and each person should study his own capabilities 
and govern himself accordingly. We are at last getting more 
rational in our methods of training in this country, so that the 
life of the athlete is no longer one of numberless privations. 
Very many athletes need to change their mode of life but little 
on going into training, and this should be the case for the great 
majority of men and women. One abuse of training, or at least 
an abuse for which training gets the blame, is the abuse of the 
good things of life after a season of regular training. Many 
an athlete lacking in moral fibre has plunged from strict training 
into all sorts of intemperance. The consequence is that his 
system is undermined, his heart and lungs may become affected 




Columbia University. Intercollegiate Amateur 
and Record Holder for 16-lb. shot. 48ft. 10 3 



Spalding s Athletic Library. iq 

through neglect, and thoughtless people point to such as ex- 
amples of the evil of athletics. This is just as specious an argu- 
ment as to brand temperance as an evil, because a man known 
for his temperate habits becomes a drunkard. It can safely be 
stated that there is not one case in five hundred in which the 
heart, lungs, etc., are injured by regular training. Ferret out 
the matter and almost invariably it will be found that some 
indiscretions or hereditary weakness is the cause of the trouble. 

Let everyone go into training of some kind, for it is most im- 
portant that the body should be in good condition. 




F. W. KELLY. 
University of Southern California. Winner of 110 meters hurdle race, Olym- 
pic Games, Stockholm, Sweden, iyi2, Time, 15 l-5s. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 21 



SPRINTING 

America's sprinters are the best in the world. Other coun- 
tries may occasionally produce a sprinter who comes up to the 
American standard, but ten such sprinters are developed in this 
country to one from any other country. Sprint running is es- 
pecially adapted to the American temperament and to the 
American physique, and this is the reason why our sprinters are 
so numerous and so high class. As a sprinter cannot be a suc- 
cess until he has mastered the --tart, we shall take this up first. 
The style of start now universally practiced is what is called the 
"college start.'* and it was first used in this country. In this 
style the sprinter places his right or left foot on the mark and, 
leaning over, he rests his hands on the mark. The other foot 
is placed at such a distance hack that when the sprinter gets 
"set" (that is. gets fully ready to start) he feels steady on the 
mark and can stay ready to go at an instant's notice. Then, at 
the sound of the pistol, he hounds away from the mark. It 
sometimes happens that the athlete is so long-limbed that by 
placing both his foot and his hands on the mark he is too 
cramped to feel easy on the mark or to get away with his full 
strength. As by the rules no part of the body can be ahead of 
the mark, the athlete should place his front foot just far enough 
behind the scratch so that he can feel easy when set and can 
get all the powers of back and legs into his first rush from the 
mark. The mere getting away is only half of starting. It is 
of course necessary that the sprinter should get away fast from 
the mark, but he should also pay the strictest attention to getting 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 23 

into his running at once. Five yards away from the mark he 
should be thoroughly into his stride and going at his best speed. 
This can be accomplished only by smooth and concerted action 
of the entire body. Hahn, the Olympic record holder, was the 
best exponent of this we have ever had. Some sprinters tear away 
from the mark using their arms and body so strenuously that they 
cannot get their true form for some distance. The sprinter should 
pay great attention to this part of his training and try to develop a 
very fast start and an ability to get into his running at once. 

The start and the getting up speed having been attended to, 
the sprinter ha- merely to keep it up to the finish. He should 
pay attention to his style and neither clip his stride nor over- 
stride. The entire body should be used, as the arms and back 
play a very important part in the dashes. 

The actual training of the sprinter should consist of several 
start - and short sprints to develop speed at the beginning of the 
race, occasional 50-yard dashes at full speed, and the full dis- 
tance run through at least once a week. This applies to the 100 
yards, the standard sprint distance. Even for this short distance 
some sprinters find themselves lacking in stay. Such men should 
do considerable running at uo and 150 yards, but in no case 
should they neglect their starting practice. 

Sprint races are run up to 300 yards. It is of course im- 
possible to keep up the maximum speed for such a distance. 
Thus, in races over 100 yards, the sprinter should get away 
from his mark and into his running at his very best speed. He 
should then get into his stride and run just a trifle within him- 
self, so that he will have some reserve power to carry him home 
with a burst of speed. When training for the longer sprint dis- 
tance the practice spins should be longer than for the 100 yards 
and at least once a week the full distance should be covered. 




C. D. REIDPATII. 
Syracuse University. At present America's greatest quarter-nailer. Winner 
of 400 meters race at the Olympic Games, Stockholm, Sweden, 1912. and 
winner of 44n and 220 yards races at Intercollegiate Championships, 1912. 



Spalding's Athletic Library 25 



/f 



QUARTER-MILE RUNNING 



America's supremacy is not only acknowledged in the sprints 
but also in quarter-mile running, the first of the standard middle 
distances. America has produced scores of fast men and there is 
not a season that one cannot find at least fifteen quarter-milers in 
the country capable of doing 50 seconds, while there are always 
several who can beat this time. The natural quarter-miler should 
have both speed and stay. Our best quarter-milers, Reidpath, 
Lindberg, Young and Haff, and the old timers, Burke, Hyman, 
Taylor, Hillman, and famous quarter-milers like Lon Meyers, 
Maxey Long, and a number of others, were all fast sprinters. 
Every one of them has done even time or better at some sprint 
distance, with the exception of Taylor, who is quite capable of 
doing so. This race is a very trying one, as the pace is fast all 
the way. and the runner must have a reserve of speed to stand 
the pace the first 220 yards. Thus, the first requirement is speed, 
and those quarter-milers lacking in this requisite should pay 
especial attention to sprinting. In fact, whether the quarter- 
miler is naturally speedy or not, he should pay great attention to 
sprinting. He should take the work prescribed for the sprinter, 
being just as careful to develop speed at the start and the 
ability to get into his running at once. Quarter-milers use the 
sprinting start, as generally the race begins near the first turn, 
and one's ability to get the turn or to get any desired position 
in the race will depend greatly on one's sprinting abilities. It 
rarely happens that the athlete is naturally built for the quarter. 
Tic may lack speed, as already mentioned, in which case he must 




) 






^M 




IRA N. DAVENPORT, 
University of Chicago. Intercollegiate 



RALPH CRAIG, 
University of Michigan. Intercol- 



Conference Record Holder, Quarter legiate Record Holder," i()0 and 2 
and Half Mile. yards. 

OLYMPIC GAMES CONTESTANTS, STOCKHOLM, SWEBEN, 191: 



Spa/ding's Athletic Library. 27 

train for speed, or he may lack stay, and then he should not neglect 
his speed but put greater emphasis on training for stay. In other 
words, both kinds of men should take sprinting practice. But 
the <>nc that is naturally speedy should run occasional 500 yards 
and half miles, to develop stay, while the other should do a lot 
of 220 yards and 300 yards running to develop speed, so that he 
can hold the pace in a fast race. Both types of athletes should 
have a trial at the full distance once a week. 

In the actual running of the race, the athlete should get away 
from the mark fast, then get into his stride and go right along 
for 300 yards, lie should always feel a reserve force, so that on 
entering the straight, he can make his effort and come home 
fast. If the quarter is run hard all the way through, the athlete 
will not come home fast, except with the aid of the greatest 
resolution and the use of his arms and body. 

Our best quarter-milers have heen big men or rangy ones. Willis, 
the old Harvard quarter-miler and hurdler, was a big strong fel- 
low and his strength alone enabled him to run the quarter in fast 
time. Wefers. the great sprinter, ran a very fast quarter, as he 
had so much natural speed and such easy action. Rurke and 
Meyers were of the rangy type, their easy action and long stride 
making the quarter one of their best distances. Maxey Long 
was the model quarter-miler. He had everything for the dis- 
tance, lie was not so ruggedly built as Willis, nor so rangy as 
Long or llollister, the old Harvard runner, but he combined 
both speed and stay exactly for this distance and ran it in the 
wonderful time of 47 seconds. Of course, there have been small 
men capable of running a fast quarter such as Garvan, the old 
Yale runner, now so well known in New York's legal circles, 
but, generally speaking, an athlete must be either of the rugged 
type or the rangy type to be a success at the quarter-mile. 




TED MEREDITH, 
Mercersburg (Pa.) Academy. Won the SOO meters championship at tin- 
Olympic Games. Stockholm. Sweden, 1912. creating a new world's record, 
3m. 51 9-10s. He also made a new half mile record of tin. 52 l-2s. 



Spalding's Athletic Library 29 



HALF-MILE RUNNING 



^ 



There is no question whatever that America holds the honors 
for running the half-mile. This has been for years unquestioned. 
Kilpatrick in his running days led the world with his record of 
1 minute 53 2-5 seconds. This record was taken from the books 
by Lunghi, the great Italian middle distance runner, at Montreal, 
Canada, when he won the Canadian Championship in 1 minute 
524-5 seconds. In the final of the 800 Metre run at the Olympic 
Games in Sweden, time was also taken at the 880 yard mark, 
and two of America's middle distance cracks, Meredith and 
Sheppard, ran inside of Lunghi's world's record. Meredith's 
time was 1 minute 52 1-2 seconds. This does not mean that 
England does not produce some very excellent half-milers. The 
type of runner is practically the same as for the quarter-mile, 
though there have been some very fast half-milers who were 
small men, notably Mel Sheppard, the world's famous runner of 
recent years, and Ted Meredith, the present Olympic Champion. 
These two great half-milers cannot be considered long and rangy. 
Downs, the old Harvard champion of the early nineties, who had 
so many exciting races with his famous Princeton rival, Dohm, 
was small. But in years past our best half-milers have been men 
like Kilpatrick, tall, long and easy striding, speedy and with 
plenty of stay. Cregan, Burke and Hollister were men of this type. 

As for the quarter, there are two kinds of runners for this 
distance— those who lack stay, but have speed, and those with 
plenty of stay but little speed. The runner lacking in stay should 
run over the distance, going frequent 1000 yards, and occasionally 




F Allen University of California, Broad Jump; 2, C. Shattuck. University 
; California. Hammer Throw; 3, G. Horine, Stanford University, High Jump. 
TRIO OF PACIFIC COAST ATHLETES, SELECTED FOR OLYMPIC 
TEAM, 1912. 



Spalding s Athletic Library 31 

three-quarter miles and miles. The other type of athlete should 
do most of his training at distances less than the half. All half- 
milers should not forget to do some quarter-mile running and 
some sprinting to keep them speedy. Perhaps the most useful 
distance for the half-miler to run in practice is the 660 yards, 
for at this distance he can, without distressing himself, get prac- 
tice at the pace used in a race. An occasional trial at the full 
distance should be taken. 

The first thing for the half-miler is to find out whether he 
lacks stay or speed and then to train accordingly. Special at- 
tention should be paid to style for both the half and the quarter, 
as the pace is so fast at these distances that a good style will 
be of great aid. It will mean easier action, probably greater 
length of stride, and consequently greater speed and more 
strength for the latter part of the race. 



Spalding s Athletic Library, 33 



DISTANCE RUNNING 



^ 



Distance running in America is improving, due to cross-country 
racing. For Americans the first advice to be given is to run 
distance. Generally speaking, our distance men do not desire to 
run the full distance or to train with sufficient speed over the 
distance. The mile is the standard event, and it requires a little 
more than stay alone to run this distance fast. Some attention 
must be paid to the development of a fast pace, and this cannot 
be done if the athlete is to stick slavishly at the mile distance in 
his practice spins. The half, the 1,000 yards and the three- 
quarter mile should be run at racing speed, so that a good fast 
pace for the mile may de developed. Occasional quarter-miles 
and 660 yards should also be taken. But, together with this 
work, the runner should cover the distance almost every day, 
and at least twice a week he should run further than the mile 
to develop his stay. While training, he should have his trainer 
or some friend hold the watch on him, so that he can get an 
idea of pace. This does not mean that when he is timed he is 
to run as fast as he can. It means that he should be told the 
times at the quarter and by observation get to know just how 
fast it is necessary to run to go a quarter at any given pace. 
By learning to judge pace, he will be better able to hold his own 
when racing. 

The miler should be careful not to overstride nor to hang be- 
tween strides. These two faults alone will mean defeat when 
pitted against the fastest men, An, even gait is essential, as the 




1 — Frank P. Nelson. Harvard Law School, formerly of Yale, second. 2— H. 
S. Babcock, Columbia University, first. 3 — M. S. Wright, Dartmoutn College, 
third. 

AMERICA'S POINT WINNERS IN THE POLE VAULT. 
Olympic Barnes, Stockholm, Sweden, 1912. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 35 

runner's heart and lung action will be seriously affected by fre- 
quent spurts and unevenness in gait. In actual racing the first 
quarter should be run fast, for it is then that time can be made 
without unduly distressing the runner. The second and third 
quarters will naturally be slower, as the strain upon the heart, 
lungs and legs becomes greater. By the time the last quarter is 
reached a reaction should have set in and this, combined with 
the runner's determination to run fast and to win out, will make 
the last quarter fast. As the first quarter is run fast, the miler 
must develop sufficient speed to stay up with the crowd, without 
being run out, and it is lack of attention to this part of his train- 
ing that keeps so many of our milers in the second class. 

For distances over two miles, the first requirement is to get 
accustomed to the distance. Learn to run through the full dis- 
tance and occasionally run further than the distance for which 
you are training. In the longer distances, style and evenness of 
pace count greatly. The runner should run like a well oiled 
machine. This perfection can be obtained only by continual at- 
tention to form and practice over the distance. 

The mile runner is generally a small man. He has a fair stride 
and easy action and is very wiry and strong. America's greatest 
present day milers, Jones, Kiviat, Taber, Hedlund and Hannivan 
might all be considered small, stocky men. Of course, there have 
been some very fine milers who were big, but the great majority 
of our best milers have been men like Conneff, Orton, Grant and 
Shrubb, the great English runner, probably the greatest distance 
runner that the world has ever seen. All of these men have been 
small, wiry fellows. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 37 



HURDLING 



There are two kinds of hurdle races, the high and the low, 
and each requires a special style. The principles in both are the 
same, namely, to attain celerity in getting over the hurdle, to 
land ready for the next stride, to run fast between the hurdles, 
and to have one's stride down so well between the hurdles that 
one will always take off at the same distance from the hurdle. 
The high hurdle distance is 120 yards, and there are 10 hurdles 
3 feet 6 inches high. The hurdler practices so that he will be 
able to clear the hurdles and be in position to take the next 
stride immediately on landing. There is no glide over the hurdle 
in the modern style. To become perfect in hurdling requires a 
great deal of practice. The front leg is thrown over the hurdle 
and by using the body and arms cleverly the rear leg is brought 
up and when the athlete hits the ground he is ready for the next 
stride. The aim of the athlete is to hit the ground and be in the 
same position for running, as though the hurdle had not been 
jumped. The hurdle should be cleared as closely as possible, and 
in order that the hurdler may not be thrown off his balance when 
he alights his body must be kept straight towards the hurdle and 
not bent aside. In other words, the body is made the fulcrum. 
The front leg should not be swung over the hurdle too violently, 
for that will throw the hurdler off his stride. Many hurdlers 
have a tendency to drag the rear leg or to bring it up with such 
a jerk that the balance of the body is lost. Most hurdlers find 
it easy to get the motion for the front leg, but it requires much 



Spalding's Athletic Library 39 

practice to so time the bringing up of the rear leg that it will 
be just in the required position for the next stride, namely, its 
natural position relative to the other leg had the hurdle not 
been cleared. Having attained correct form over the hurdle, the 
athlete must practice until he strides evenly between the hurdles 
and takes off at exactly the same distance from each hurdle. As 
three strides should be taken between the hurdles, the athlete will 
always take off from the same foot. 

The style over a low hurdle is as near to an elongated stride as 
possible. The hurdle is taken in the stride. 

This is the style aimed at, but very few people can attain it. 
Kraenzlein, the old Pennsylvania champion, changed the style 
of hurdling. As a matter of fact the present day hurdlers stride 
over the hurdle as though it was not there. America produced 
the world's greatest hurdlers in 1908, in Smithson, Garrels, Shaw 
and Rand, and at the Olympic Games at Sweden, three Americans, 
Kelly, Wendell and Hawkins finished first, second and third. 
The aim is to get the leg over the hurdle and bring up the rear 
leg ready for the next stride after the hurdle has been cleared. 
The training for the hurdler is very arduous. To be a good 
hurdler one must have speed, so regular sprinting practice is 
taken. In addition, much practice is necessary over the hurdles 
to perfect style and stride. Many hurdlers combine their sprint- 
ing practice with the hurdling by setting up the first hurdle, get- 
ting on their marks and going over the hurdle at their very best 
speed. The hurdler should do quite a lot of work with one, two 
or three hurdles in position, always aiming at perfection in style, 
whether an old hurdler or not. The full hurdle distance should 
not be run very often. It is also especially necessary that the 
hurdler should make sure that before settling down to hard daily 
practice, he is in good condition and that his legs have been 
hardened some by preliminary sprinting and jogging. 



GEORGE HORINE, 
Stanford University. Holder of world's record in high jump, 6ft. 7in Win- 
ner of third place at Olympic Games, Stockholm, Sweden, 1912. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 41 




One of the prettiest competitions on the athletic programme is 
the high jump. There are several styles, but they practically are 
based on the same principles and are merely variants suited to 
the individual. The principle of the high jump is to attain 
height with the least elevation. This sounds paradoxical. But 
often at athletic meets you have seen jumpers who are defeated 
because they do not know how to manage their bodies while in 
the air. They may have great natural spring, but knock the bar 
down through lack of form. The style most followed is for the 
jumper to throw up either his right or left leg, making a half 
turn as he rises to the bar. Then after the leg that has been 
thrown up over the bar is highest in the air, it is brought down 
on the other side of the bar, this motion being accompanied and 
aided by the throwing up of the other leg into the air, the bend- 
ing back of the body and the aiding of the whole movement by 
the arms. In other words, after the athlete has sprung from the 
ground and simultaneously with his half turn in the air he does 
the ordinary scissors jump. Some jumpers attain the same result 
by throwing up the one leg and shooting over the bar by bring- 
ing up the other leg quickly. This style is better suited for some 
men than the more deliberate and mechanical style described 
above. Both of these styles require a half turn going up to tht 
bar, and naturally this half turn will be completed so that on 
alighting the athlete will be facing the bar. 

The idea is to economize space as much as possible by so 




A. W. RICHARDS, 
Brigham Young University. Winner of running high jump, Olympic Games, 
Stockholm, Sweden, 1912. Height, 6ft. 3 3-lOin. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 43 

maneuvering the body that it will not hit the bar. The move- 
ment requires exact timing and perfect control of the body while 
in the air. 

A very essential feature of the high jump is the take-off. One 
should know just at what distance to take-off from the liar. 
This can be found out by practice. After the take-off from the 
bar has been found, it will be necessary to perfect this by finding 
out just where to begin to run, so that the foot will hit the take- 
off exactly each time. Observation and experiment will det er- 
mine this. When this has been determined it should be measured 
off with a tape, so that when competing, a mark can be made 
and the jumper feel sure of getting his take-off. 



ALBERT L. GUTTERSON, 
University of Vermont. Winner of running broad jump, and who created a 
aew Olympic record, distance, 24ft. 11 3-8in., Olympic Games, Stockholm, 
Sweden, 1912. 



Spaldituj's Athletic Library. 45 



POLE VAULTING 



The standard for no other event has improved more the last 
ten years than for the pole vault. There are many remarkable 
performers in the country. A few years ago championships were 
being won at n feet, but now it takes 11 feet 6 inches, or better, 
to win a big event. This is due entirely to greater attention to 
form. The vaulter, like the high jumper, has to maneuver his 
body so that he will make the most of his leap into the air. 

The vault may be divided into four parts. The athlete should 
plant his pole firmly and surely and throw his body into the air. 
This should be aided by a strong pull-up of the arms, and when 
the legs have reached their highest height, the body should be 
pushed up. This should bring the body to its highest point and, 
as a half turn accompanies this movement, the body will be 
poised in the air above the bar. Then the vaulter should push 
back the pole by bringing down the legs and throwing the arms 
back over the head, so that the arms and chest will miss the bar. 
Special attention should be put on getting the legs well up into 
the air and on getting a good push up. The latter movement 
will mean at least six inches more in height. The vaulter must 
also get his take-off, and he does so practically in the same way 
as for the broad jump. He should practice at this until he feels 
sure of planting his pole securely. He can then put all his pow- 
ers on getting up speed in his run and on getting a good jump 
and lift from the ground. 



46 Spalding's Athletic Library. 



PUTTING THE SHOT 



There can be but one style for this event. The athlete places his 
right foot at the rear of the circle, with his left side facing the 
circle. He then leans back to get as good a start as possible. Then 
he hops forward and, without any cessation of movement, makes 
a half turn of the body by shooting out the right arm and shoul- 
der and throwing or pulling back the left arm and shoulder. The 
entire weight of the whole body, including the legs and thighs, is 
put into the final movement, and if the shot has been given suffic- 
ient elevation, a good put will be made. The defect in most shot 
putters is generally two-fold. Some put the shot too much with 
the arm and do not get the weight of the body and the strong 
drive from the legs back of the put. Others hesitate after mak- 
ing the first hop across the circle and thus lose all the speed at- 
tained by that hop. If both of these defects are present, as is 
often the case, the athlete cannot do himself justice. Assiduous 
practice from a stand should enable the athlete to get his weight 
behind the shot. The other defect can be remedied only by care- 
ful practice, beginning the first hop across the circle slowly and 
care being taken to make the movement continuous from the be- 
ginning at the back of the circle until the weight leaves the 
hand. Speed across the circle and in making the half turn is very 
important in this event. We have called the first movement across 
the circle a hop, but it is really more like a shuffle, as the athlete 
should not jump high into the air. The movement is forward 
and close to the ground, the left leg being kept ahead, as when 
changing step to get into step with another when walking. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 47 



HAMMER THROWING 



Hammer throwing as practiced to-day is not so simple as it 
was ten years ago when the athlete, after making one turn in 
the circle heaved the missile out into space. Now, instead of 
one turn, three are made, though the width of the circle is, as 
then, seven feet. The thrower stands with his back to the front 
of the circle and after swinging the hammer slowly around his 
head, he puts some force into it and makes the first turn by re- 
volving as on a pivot. Another speedier turn is made and this 
is followed by a still speedier turn and the hammer sent off on 
its passage through the air. The thrower must be careful not to 
use too much ground in his turns, so that he will not foul by 
stepping out of the circle. As in the shot, elevation must be 
given to the missile or the full length of the throw will not be 
shown. The hammer should gather speed at each turn, the maxi- 
mum of speed not being attained until the hammer leaves the 
hand. There should be a strong pull from the body on the ham- 
mer from the beginning of the first turn until the end of the 
movement. In other words, the hammer must not get ahead of 
the body. As in the shot, the athlete may find it easier to develop 
good form by using a 12-pound weight instead of the regulation 
16-pound. 



48 Spalding's Athletic Library. 



DISCUS THROWING 



I The discus throw is not a regular event on Eastern pro- 
grammes, though it is very frequently put on at Western meets. 
There are two styles. The athlete may throw the discus as one 
puts the shot, except that the arm motion is underhand ; the 
movement is practically the same. This is the better style when 
direction is counted. But if direction is not counted, as is almost 
universally the case in this country, the other style is the better. 
This corresponds to the style used in the hammer throw and the 
athlete makes three turns in the circle, as in that event. Some 
of the devotees of the other style claim that they can get a 
better elevation and sail to the discus than those using the turns. 
This is probably so, and as it is very important that the discus 
should leave the hand cleanly and cut the air smoothly, it is 
probable that most discus throwers will get the best results from 
the first style mentioned. 



Spalding's Athletic Library. 40. 



TRAINING FOR ATHLETIC 
COMPETITION 



Training has already been dealt with in a general way, but we 
now propose to deal with this subject briefly as applied to train- 
ing for athletic competition. Much more is required of the 
athlete who desires to compete than of him who merely gets 
into good shape with no specific aim in view. 

No matter fur what event the athlete may desire to train, he 
should first get himself into good, fair, physical trim. In other 
words, a high jumper should not get out the first day and try to 
see how high he can jump, nor the hammer thrower do his best 
with the hammer, nor the mile runner run a mile on time. Such 
a course is very likely to result in a strained leg for the jumper, 
a badly twisted back for the hammer thrower and very sore 
muscles for the mile runner. Very often, after such a start, the 
athlete gets disgusted with the game and gives it up. Easy work 
should therefore be taken, so that the athlete will run no risk 
of straining himself in any way. After this preliminary work, he 
should begin at his specialty, but even yet he should aim more 
for form than for excellence of performance. Later on, when his 
muscles are hardened, he can do his very best at his event, with 
no result other than to lay the basis for future improvement. 

In all the track events, the athlete should strive for good form, 
for that means economy of strength and consequently greater 
speed. This is especially so in the hurdle races, where form is 
just as important as speed. 

In the field events, form is all important. Here the athlete 



50 Spalding's Athletic Library. 

should go carefully, watch the form of the best field athletes and 
try to improve himself. This straining after form in the field 
events is necessary, even in the veteran athlete, for form in the 
field events means simply well trained muscles, that is, muscles 
that will act in harmony with the mind of the athlete in jump- 
ing, vaulting or throwing the weights correctly. In training for 
these events, the athlete should practice for form, reserving his 
best efforts for special occasions. 

The matter of diet in these latter days is rather simple. 
Pastries, highly seasoned food, pork, bacon, ham, veal, cheese 
and other very rich food should be barred, but everything else 
is permitted. As this leaves eggs, beef, mutton, lamb, chicken, 
turkey, plain puddings, ice cream, fruk, etc., still on the bill of 
fare, there is no reason why the athlete may not have dishes that 
he will like at every meal. Good plain cooking is what he should 
have. There is no necessity for the athlete stinting himself, 
though he should not stuff himself. His meat need not be very 
rare, as is affected by some athletes. If he likes it rare, very 
well. If not, have it medium. For drink, the athlete should take 
water, milk, occasionally tea or coffee and ale. In other words, 
the modern athlete need not put himself on a rigid diet of beef, 
toast, mutton and oatmeal, as in former times, though these 
should form the basis of his diet. 

It is self-evident that the athlete cannot get into condition no 
matter how hard he trains as to diet and exercise if he does not 
attend to his other habits of life. He should see to it that he 
gets plenty of sleep and that he does not dissipate in any way. 
It is only by attending carefully to his body that the athlete can 
expect to do himself justice in his favorite events. 



.Spalding's Athletic Library. 5* 



BROAD JUMPING 



The take-off for the broad jump is found in the same way as 
for the high jump. The actual take-off is of course the jumping 
board, and by watching one's strides or getting someone else to 
do so, a place, say 20 yards back of the mark, will be found, 
which, if hit by the foot on running past, will bring one to the 
take-off exactly. The take-off is more important in the broad 
jump than in the high jump. In the latter the athlete's run is 
generally so short that he can make sure of his take-off by 
shortening or lengthening his stride. But in the broad jump the 
athlete comes up to the mark at full speed and his jump will be 
spoiled if he has to shorten or lengthen his strides to hit the take- 
off board. The jumper should practice until he gets his take-off 
well. Then he should run for the board at full speed, reaching 
his best speed a few feet before he reaches the board. He can 
then gather himself for his jump and put all his powers towards 
hitting the take-off fairly and getting a good rise. It is important 
.^that the jumper should get good elevation to his jump. Then, 
\ by throwing his body forward and by stretching out the feet 
when about to land, he will get the most distance. Many jumpers 
fail to get elevation, while others do not stretch out the feet far 
enough at the end of the jump. This should be done, for if proper 
speed has been attained, the impetus will throw the body forward. 
Speed is one of the most important things for the broad jumper 
to have, so he should take regular sprinting practice. The jumper 
should not do his best every day, for these events are hard on the 
muscles and tendons and a strain may result from, too much work. 



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athletes in this country. 

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ting. Hand made 
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riveted on. This 
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champions in 
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distance races. 
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races on athletic 
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heel.flexibleshank. 
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spikes in sole. No 
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FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

Of THIS BOOK 



Price* in effect July 5, 1912. Subject to change without notice. For Caotdien price* tee (peciel CeoecUeo r n;-i : ^' 1 ' 1 



il S?ru^ THE SPALDING (fej) TRADEMARK G « 




Munnuirafiinij 



No. 10. Fine quality 
calfskin; light weight. 
Hand made steel 
spikes. Pair, $5.00 



ipaMainij 



Uh®® 



No. 14 J. Good qual- 
ity calfskin ; partly 
machine made. 
Satisfactory quality; 
durable. Steel spikes. 
Per pair, $4.50 




PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO 

ANT COMMUNICATIONS 

AMRESSET) TO OS 



A.G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



Prices in effect July 5. 1912. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices 



special Canadian Catalogue. 




Mmiinirainii SIh®@g 



No. 12. Leather, 
good quality, com- 
plete with spikes. 
Sizes 12 to 5 only. 
Per pair, $2.50 



The prices pri?ited in ital- 
ics opposite items marked 
with jc will be quoted only 
on orders for one -half 
dozen or more. Quantity 
prices NOT allozved on 
items NO Tmarked zuith+( 



No. 11 



No. 11T. Calfskin, 
machine made; solid 
leather tap sole holds 
spikes firmly in 
place. Pair, $4.00 
• $42.00 Doz. 

No. 11. Calfskin, 
machine made. 

Per pair, $3.00 
+ $30.00 Doz. 





PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO | 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
ADDRESSED TO US 



A.G.SPALDING &, BROS 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST CF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

Of THIS BOOt 



Price* in effect July 5, 1912. Subject to change without 



For Canadian price* tee •pecial C a n a di a n Catalogue. 



sSut°e THE SPALDING 



ffliiW 



TRADEMARK G S T T E v ES 



QUALITY 




SPALDING 

WORSTED 
JERSEYS 

Following sizes carried in 
stock regularly in all quali- 
ties : 28 to 44 inches chest. 
Other sizes at an advanced 
price. We allow two inches 
for stretch in all our jerseys, 
and the sizes are marked ac- 
cordingly. It is suggested, 
however, that for very heavy 
men a size about two inches 
larger than coat measure- 
ment be ordered to insure a 
comfortable fit. 



Spalding Jerseys 
for Foot Ball and 
Ice HocRey 

Thi. season we are putting b Spalding 'Varsity Jersey No. 1PF 

our regular line the special w-,.. • ■ • i..„ . .. „ 

style jerseys, same as we Th * &***> we consider in a class by itself along w,th our No. IP. No other manufacturer* 
have been supplying on spe- !make» a garment of anywhere near the same grade We recommend it to those who really 
cial orders to the large col- want the best, 

lege foot ball and ice hockey . , , __ _ .. , . . 

teams. Madewith lowcollar. N °- » P f- Fu " r 1 e * ular made; that irpcrVC are being used more and more by 
ularly strong for '•• fashioned or knit to exact shape JLIVOC I O foot j^ii p | ayer , j n , t ead of canvas 
on the machine and then put jackets. On account of the special Spalding knit they 
together by hand, altogether dif- 
ferent from outting them out of a 
piece of material and sewing them 
up on a machine as are the ma- 
jority of garments known as jer- 
seys. Special quality worsted. 
Solid colors. 

Each, $4.00 * $!2jD0 Dog. 
Jio. 10PF. Special quality worsted, 
fashioned. Solid colors. 

Each, $3.00 ir $30M Doz. 




woven partu 

hard usage and of special 

quality long fiber all wool 

worsted. 




are very durable, and at the same time they offer no 

restraint on the free movement of the player. 

Woven Letters, Wj. weave into our best grade ieraey.. No.. 

Numerals or IPF »"dl P. Letter. Numeral, and De.ign. 

_^ . in apecial color, a. desired. Price, quoted 

Uesigns. on application. Design, submitted 

Striped Usually alternating two inches of unit color a. body 

<;!..„.. 7 nt " ~>"°w .tripe, of «ome other color .pecined be. 

Sleeves. , ow ^^ 25c fKT gannent 

STOCK PLAIN COLORS- We carry in stock in 
rf\t fine all Spalding Stores these worsted jer- 

LULUIU m -v« in following color.: 



seys in following colors: 

Navy Blue Black Gray 



Maroon 



SPECIAL ORDERS— We also furnish, without extra 
charge, on special orders for one-half dozen or more, 
not carried in stock, the following colors. On orders 
for less than one-half dozen, 10 per cent, will be added 
to regular price. White Cardinal Orange Scarlet 
Columbia Blue Royal Blue Purple Old Gold 
Yellow Dark Green Irish Green Sea) Brown 
Other colors than as noted above to order only iVi any 

quality. 50c. each extra. 
. N. B— We designate three .hade, which are sometime, called 
RED They are ScarloJ. Cardinal, and Maroon. Where RED 
is .pecined on the order. Cardinal will be 



SPECIAL NOTICE- We will fumi.h any of the above .olid 
color jersey, with one color body and another color (not 
striped) collar and cuff, in dock color, only at no extra charge. 

PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE 

The prices printed in italics opposite items marked with A will 

be quoted only on orders for one-half dozen or more. 

Quantity prices NOT allowed on items NOTmarksd with H 



A.G.SPALDING & BROS 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPUTE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOO! 



Prices to effect July 5, 1912. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices .ee special Canadian Catalogue. 



ACCEPT NO 



E 






No. WJP Worn Under Coat. 
Collar Turned Down 



Spalding' 
Atntomniolbile amid 
es° Sports 
>wea4ers 

HEAVY AND SPECIAL WEIGHTS -WITH POCKETS 

For automobiling, training purposes, re- 
ducing weight, tramping in cold weather, 
golfing, shooting, tobogganing, snowshoe- 
No. wjp wo™ under Coat, >"g- High collar may be turned down^ 
collar Buttoned up. jquickly, changing into neatest form of 

button front sweater. Sizes 28 to .44 inches. Other sizes at an advanced price. Carried 
in stock in Gray and White only. See list below of colors supplied on special orders. 

No. AWJP. Heaviest weight special /^g\ No. WJP. Highest quality special heavy 
quality worsted, with pocket on either /o% s ^^»r\ weight worsted, with pocket on either 
<side. Each, $10.00* $1 08.00 Doz. (<(jPALDllj(j{») side. . Each, $8.00:* $87. 00 Doz. 



The dozen prices 
printed in italics will 
be quoted only on 
orders for one - half 
dozen or more. 
We allow four inches 
for stretch in all our 
sweaters, and sizes are 
marked accordingly. It 
is suggested, however, 
that for very heavy 
men a «ize about two 
inches larger than coat 
measurement be or- 
dered to insure a com- 
fortable fit. 

SPECIAL ORDERS 

In addition to stock colors mentioned, we supply these sweaters without extra 
charge, on special orders only, not carried in stock, in any of the following colors: 
Black Maroon Scarlet Cardinal Navy N. B. -We designate three shades 
Columbia Blue Dark Green Seal Brown The? a^^cIrieT^d^Il MfrLn.' 

PLAIN COLORS, other than the above, to order only. Where RED is specified on order, we 
50c. each garment extra. supply Cardinal. 

SPECIAL NOTICE— Solid colored sweaters with one color body and another color 
(not striped) collar and cuffs furnished in any of the colors noted, on special order, 
at no extra charge. 

PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. 





PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO 

ANT COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A.G.SPALDING &, BROS 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



i FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



Pricas in «if«d July S, 1912- Subject to change without notice For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue, 



ACCEPT NO TUC CDAI niMPf/^Mb^TDAnC.M ADI/ GUARANTEES 



SUBSTITUTE 



THE SPALDINGit^jTRADEMARK 



QUALITY 





cC3^i 




No. 7 No - >» 



Foster's Patent Safety Hurdle 

The frame is 2 feet 6 inches high, with a swinging wooden 
hurdle 2 feet high, the swinging joint being 6 inches from 
one side and 18 inches from the other. With the short 
aide up it measures 2 feet 6 inches from the ground, and 
with the long side up, 3 feet 6 inches. The hurdle can be 
changed from one height to the other in a few seconds, 
and is held firmly in either position by a clamp lever. 
Single hurdle, 

Spalding 7-Foot Circle 

The discus, shot and weights are thrown from the 7-foot 
circle. Made of one-piece band iron, witl] bolted joints. 
Circle painted white. Each, 

Spalding Take-off Board 

The Take-off Board is used for the running broad jump, 
and is a necessary adjunct to the athletic field. Regula- 
tion size ; top painted gTay. ". Each, 

Spalding Toe Board or Stop Board. 

Used when putting the 16-lb. shot, throwing weights and 
discus, and is curved on the arc of a 7-foot circle. Toe 
Board, regulation size, painted gray and substantially 
made Each, 

Spalding Referees' Whistles 

No. 7. Nickel-plated, heavy metal whistle. The most 

satisfactory and loudest of any Each. 75c 

No. 4. Horn Whistle, nickel-plated, heavy metal. " 75c. 
No. 3. Nickel-plated, special deep tone. . . " 75c. 
No. 2. Very reliable. Popular design. . . " 25c. 

Spalding Lanes for Sprint Races 

No. L. We supply in this set sufficient stakes and cord to 
lay out four 100-yard lanes. Stakes are made with pointed 
end and sufficiently strong, so that they can be driven into 
hard ground Per set. 

Spalding Starter's Pistol 

32 caliber, two-inch barrel, patent ejecting device. Ea.. $6.00 



Spalding Official Sacks for Sack Races 

(REINFORCED) 
Spalding Official Sacks for Sack Races are made in two' 
sizes, for men and boys. They are all strongly reinforced, 
will wear for a great length of time, and by their construc- 
tion it is practically impossible for racers to work their feet 
free. These sacks are made in exact accordance with 

official regulations. 
No. MS. Mens Sack, reinforced. 3 ft. wide. Each. $1.50 
No. BS. Boys" Sack, reinforced. V/z ft. wide. " 1.00 

Patent Steel Tape Chain on Patent Electric 

Reel For Measuring Distances in Athletic Competitions 

Made of superior steel about ,'4 inch wide. The reel allows 

the entire tape open to dry and can be reeled and unreeled 

as easily as tapes in cases. Especially adapted to lay off 

courses and long measurements. 

No. IB. 100 feet long Each, $5.00 

No. 11B. 200 feet long. " 7.50 

Patent "Angle" Steel Measuring Tape 

Especially adapted for laying off base ball diamonds, tennis 
courts and all kinds of athletic fields, both outdoors and 
indoors. Right angles accurately determined: also equally 
good for straight or any kind of measuring. Enclosed in hard 
leather case, flush handles. All mountings nickel-plated. 

No. A. 50 feet long. H inch wide Each. $4.00 

No. B. 100 feet long, H inch wide. ... " 6.75 

Spalding Stop Watch 

Stem winder, nickel-plated case, porcelain dial, registered 
to 60 seconds by 1-5 seconds, fly back engaging and dis- 
engaging mechanism Each. $7.50 

Official Harness for Three-Legged Racing 

Made according to official rules. Complete set of straps for 
fastening men and with extra straps for keeping fastenings 

at required height in long distance races. 
No. 1. Official Harness for Three-Legged Racing. Set, $2^0, 



I PROMPT ATTENTION GlYEN TO 

ANT COMMUNICATIONS 

II ADDRESSED TO US 


A.G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 


1 FOR COMPLETE LIST OFSTOlSII 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
1 OF THIS 8001 {J 



IMeea in affect July 5. 1912. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue. 



THE SPALDING(flf TRADE-MARK 




paldimig 

llntareqMegtate p@©t Ball 



Pat Sept 12.1911 




No.J5 



Complete, $5.00 



This is the ONLY OFFICIAL 
COLLEGE FOOT BALL, 
and is used in every important 
match played in this country. 



GUARANTEED ABSOLUTELY 

IF SEAL OF BOX IS 

UNBROKEN 




Each ball complete in sealed 
box. including leather case, 
guaranteed pure Para rubber 
bladder (not compounded), 
inflater, lacing needle 
and r aw hide lace. 



,E GUARANTEE every J5 Spalding Foot Ball to be 
perfect in material and workmanship and correct 
in shape and size when inspected at our factory. 
If any defect is discovered during the first game in 
which it is used, or during the first day's practice 
use, and if returned at once, we will replace same 
under this guarantee. We do not guarantee against ordinary wear 
nor against defect in shape or size that is not discovered immedi- 
ately after the first day's use. <J Owing to the superb quality of 
every Spalding Foot Ball, our customers have grown to expect a 
season's use of one ball, and at times make unreasonable claims 
under our guarantee 
which we will 
not allow. 




k^jL/i&rz' 



BSZ 



IOK6IYENT8hRRM 
IICATIORS 



SPALDING <Sc BROS. 



ORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE UST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF TlftS BOOK 



Price* tn effect Jul? 5, 1912. Subject to chanfe without notice. For Ca 



ipecial Canadian Catalogue. 



Spalding' 
'Official National League Ball 

Patent Cork Center 




No.l 



Each, - - $1.25 
Per Dozen, $15.00 



The Spading "Officii! National League" 
tho Official Bail of the Game »in< 



Adopted by the National 
League in 1878, is the only 
ball used in Championship 
games since that time and has 
now been adopted for twenty 
years more, making a total 
adoption of fifty-four yeare. 

In adopting the Spalding 
"Official National League" 
Ball for twenty years more the 
Secretary of the National 
League, Mr. John A. Heydler, 
gave the following as the 
reason for this action: 

" The Spalding Ball wu adopted 
by the National League for twenty 
Tears, became we recognixed it a* 
the best ball made. We have used it 
satisfactorily for thirty-four years. 
The new Cork Center Ball intro- 
duced for the first time last year 
and used in the World's Series, 
we believe to'be the only ball for 
the future, and it is absolutely the 
best that has been used by the 
National League in its history." 

This ball has the Spalding 
"Patent" Cork Center, 

the same as used since August I, 

1910. without change in size of 

cork or construction. 



Each ball wrapped in tinfoil, 
packed in a separate box, and 
sealed in accordance with the 
latest League regulations. 
Warranted to last a full 
game when used under ordi- 
nary conditions. y. 



WHY C0HM0NICAT10I 

AOD'ESSEO TO OS 



Spaldliq Complete Catalogue of Athletic Goods Mailed Free. 



A.G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



A 1912. 



Fm 



coMPifTiunofn 

01 INSIDE FtniTGII 

jyUUjjL 



I 



OCT H 1912 

Standard Policy 

A Standard Quality must be inseparably linked to a Standard Policy. 

Without a definite and Standard Mercantile Policy, it is impossible for a 
Manufacturer to long maintain a Standard Quality. 

To market his goods through a jobber, a manufacturer must provide a 
profit for the jobber as well as for the retail dealer. To meet these conditions 
of Dual Profits, the manufacturer is obliged to set a proportionately high list 
price on his goods to the consumer. 

To enable the glib salesman, when booking his orders, to figure out 
attractive profits to both the jobber and retailer, these high list prices are 
absolutely essential ; but their real purpose will have been served when the 
manufacturer has secured his order from the jobber, and the jobber has secured 
his order from the retailer. 

However, these deceptive high list prices are not air to the consumer, who 
does not, and, in reality, is not ever expected to pay these fancy list prices. 

When the season opens for the sale of such goods, with their misleading 
but alluring high list prices, the retailer begins to realize his responsibilities, and 
grapples with the situation as best he can, by offering "special discounts," 
which vary with local trade conditions. 

Under this system of merchandising, the profits to both the manufacturer 
and the jobber are assured ; but as there is no stability maintained in the prices 
to the consumer, the keen competition amongst the local dealers invariably 
leads to a demoralized cutting of prices by which the profits of the retailer are 
practically eliminated. 

This demoralization always reacts on the manufacturer. The jobber insists 
on lower, and still lower, prices. The manufacturer, in his turn, meets this 
demand for the lowering of prices by the only way open to him, viz. : the cheap- 
ening and degrading of the quality of his product. 

The foregoing conditions became so intolerable that, 13 years ago, in 1899, 
A. G. Spalding & Bros, determined to rectify this demoralization in the Athletic 
Goods Trade, and inaugurated what has since become known as "The Spalding 
Policy." 

The "Spalding Policy" eliminates the jobber entirely, so far as Spalding 
Goods are concerned, and the retail dealer secures the supply of Spalding 
Athletic Goods direct from the manufacturer by which the retail dealer is 
assured a fair, legitimate and certain profit on all Spalding Athletic Goods, and 
the consumer is assured a Standard Quality and is protected from imposition. 

The "Spalding Policy" is decidedly for the interest and protection of the 
users of Athletic Goods, and acts in two ways : 

First. — The user is assured of genuine Official Standard Athletic Goods 
and the same prices to everybody. 

Second. — As manufacturers, we can proceed with confidence in 
purchasing at the proper time, the very best raw materials required 
in the manufacture of our various goods, well ahead of their 
respective seasons, and this enables us to provide the necesssary 
quantity and absolutely maintain the Spalding Standard of Quality, 

All retail dealers handling Spalding Athletic Goods are requested to supply 
consumers at our regular printed catalogue prices — neithermore nor less — thesame 
prices that similar goods are sold for in our New York, Chicago and other stores. 

All Spalding dealers, as well as users of Spalding Athletic Goods, are treated 
exactly alike, and no special rebates or discriminations are allowed to anyone. 

This briefly, is the ' Spalding Policy," which has already been in successful 
operation for the past 1 3 years, and will be indefinitely continued. 

In other words, " The Spalding Policy " is a " square deal " for everybody. 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



By ££jJZft<2^&^*f. 

rUSIDBMT, Va** 



Standard Quality 



An article that is universally given the appellation " Standard " is thereby 
conceded to be the criterion, to which are compared all other things of a similar 
nature. For instance, the Gold Dollar of the United States is the Standard unit 
of currency, because it-must legally contain a specific proportion of pure gold, 
and the fact of its being Genuine is guaranteed by the Government Stamp 
thereon. As a protection to the users of this currency against counterfeiting and 
other tricks, considerable money is expended in maintaining a Secret Service 
Bureau of Experts. Under the law, citizen manufacturers must depend to a 
«reat extent upon Trade-Marks and similar devices to protect themselves against 
counterfeit products — without the aid of "Government Detectives" or "Public 
Opinion" to assist them. 

Consequently the " Consumer's Protection" against misrepresentation and 
"inferior quality" rests entirely upon the integrity and responsibility of the 
" Manufacturer." 

A. G. Spalding Ac Bros, have, by their rigorous attention to " Quality," for 
thirty-four years, caused their Trade-Mark to become known throughout 
the world as a Guarantee of Quality as dependable in their field as the 
U. S. Currency is in its field. 

The necessity of upholding the Guarantee of the Spalding Trade-Mark and 
maintaining the Standard Quality of their Athletic Goods, is, therefore, as obvi- 
ous as is the necessity of the Government in maintaining a Standard Currency. 

Thus each consumer is not only insuring himself but also protecting other 
consumers when he assists a Reliable Manufacturer in upholding his Trade- 
Mark and all that it stands for. Therefore, we urge all users of our Athletic 
Goods to assist us in maintaining the Spalding Standard of Excellence, by 
insisting that our Trade-Mark be plainly stamped on all athletic goods which 
they buy, because without this precaution our best efforts towards maintaining 
Standard Quality and preventing fraudulent substitution will be ineffectual. 

Manufacturers of Standard Articles invariably suffer the reputation of being 
high-priced, and this sentiment is fostered and emphasized by makers of 
" inferior goods," with whom low prices are the main consideration. 

A manufactuier of recognized Standard Goods, with a reputation to uphold 
and a guarantee to protect, must necessarily have higher prices than a manufac- 
turer of cheap goods, whose idea of and basis of a claim for Standard Quality 
depends principally upon the eloquence of the salesman. 

We know from experience that there is no quicksand more unstable than 
poverty in quality — and we avoid this quicksand by Standard Quality. 




?&£^< 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

mi inn iiiii inn iiiii inn mi ii 




ATHLEf IC_LIE 005 900 696 4 # 



A separate book covers every Athletic Sport 

and is Official and Standard 

Price 10 cents each 



GRAND PRIZE 



GRAND PRIX 




ST. LOUIS, 1904 



Spalding 



PARIS, 1900 



ATHLETIC GOODS 

ARE THE STANDARD OF THE WORLD 



A. G. Spalding <3 Bros. 

MAINTAIN WHOLESALE and RETAIL STORES in the FOLLOWING CITIES: 
NEW YORK CHICAGO ST. LOUIS 

BOSTON MILWAUKEE KANSAS CITY 

PHILADELPHIA DETROIT SAN FRANCISCO 

NEWARK CINCINNATI LOS ANGELES 

BUFFALO CLEVELAND SEATTLE 

SYRACUSE COLUMBUS MINNEAPOLIS 

BALTIMORE INDIANAPOLIS ST. PAUL 

WASHINGTON PITTSBURG DENVER 



LONDON, ENGLAND 
BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND 
MANCHESTER, ENGLAND 
EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND 
SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA 

Factories owned and operated by A..G.S) 
'■ode- Marked Athletic Goods are ma 



ATLANTA DALLAS 

LOUISVILLE 

NEW ORLEANS 
MONTREAL, CANADA 
TORONTO, CANADA 

no & Bros, and where ell of Spaldmci 



NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO CHICOPEE, MASS. 
BROOKLYN BOSTON PHILADELPHIA -XONDON, ENG. 



